Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven she is honoured in dogmas and devotions. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019.
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